Ôª´úÒÔÀ´À®Âï½Ì¶ÔÃɹÅÉç»á¾Þ´óµÄÓ°Ïì(4)

1645Ä꣬¹Ìʼº¹×÷Ϊ¸ñ³Åɱӻ¤Õߣ¬ÔùÓèÈÕ¿¦ÔòÔúʲÂײ¼Ë³ذͣ¨ËÂÖ÷£©°àìø¡¤ÂÞɣȴ¼ª¼áÔÞΪ¡°°àìø²©¿Ë¶à¡±£¨ÒâΪ£º´óѧÕß¡¢´óʦ£©µÄ×ðºÅ£¬²¢ÏòËûÊܽäÇ󷨡£[16] ´Ó´Ë£¬Îª¸ñ³ÅÉÊ×Áì´ïÀµ¡¢°àìøµÄ»î·ðתÊÀµì¶¨ÁË»ù´ £¶

1645Ä꣬¹Ìʼº¹×÷Ϊ¸ñ³Åɱӻ¤Õߣ¬ÔùÓèÈÕ¿¦ÔòÔúʲÂײ¼Ë³ذͣ¨ËÂÖ÷£©°àìø¡¤ÂÞɣȴ¼ª¼áÔÞΪ¡°°àìø²©¿Ë¶à¡±£¨ÒâΪ£º´óѧÕß¡¢´óʦ£©µÄ×ðºÅ£¬²¢ÏòËûÊܽäÇ󷨡£[16] ´Ó´Ë£¬Îª¸ñ³ÅÉÊ×Áì´ïÀµ¡¢°àìøµÄ»î·ðתÊÀµì¶¨ÁË»ù´¡¡£¶ø¹Ìʼº¹Ö±ÖÁ1655ÄêÈ¥ÊÀÇ°£¬Ò»Ö±Ö§Åä×ÅͳÖÎÈ«²ØµÄÕþÖÎȨ¡£

17ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬¡°ºó½ð¡±ÕþȨ£¬ÍÆ·­Ã÷³¯µÄͳÖΡ£ºó½ðͳÖÎÕßŬ¶û¹þ³à£¬ÉîÖªÀûÓÃÀ®Âï½Ì°²¸§XZangºÍÃɹŸ÷²¿£¬¹®¹ÌÆäͳÖÎȨµÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ÓÚ1621Ä꣬Ö÷¶¯ÓëXZangÀ®Âï½ÌÊ×ÁìºÍÃÉ¡¢²Ø·â½¨Ö÷½¨Á¢¡°ÁªÃË¡±¹Øϵ¡£¾Ý¡¶´ó½ðÀ®Â﷨ʦ±¦¼Ç±®¡·ÔØ£ºÓÐÒ»Ãû½Ð£º¸É»´ï¶ùº±ÄÒËصÄXZangÀ®Â¡°²»µ¬°ÏÉ棬¶«ÀúÃɹÅÖ£¬²ûÑïÊ¥½Ì¡±¡£Å¬¶û¹þ³à¶ÔËû¶¥ÀñĤ°Ý£¬Ê®·Ö×ð¾´¡£Í¬Ä꣬¸É»´ï¶ùº±ÄÒËØÔ²¼Å£¬Å¬¶û¹þ³àÏÂÁîΪËû½¨ìëÆíËþ¡£Å¬¶û¹þ³àËÀºó£¬ÇåÌ«×Ú»ÊÌ«¼«¼Ì»Ê룬Æð³õËû¼«Á¦·´¶ÔÂú×åÐÅ·îÀ®Âï½Ì¡£ºóÓÚ1634Ä꣬Õ÷·¥ÃɹŲì¹þ¶û²¿ÁÖµ¤º¹±ø°ÜÌÓÇຣ´ó²Ý̲²¡¹Ê¡£ÔÚ²ì¹þ¶û²¿µÄÄ«¶û¸ùÀ®Âォ¸Ã²¿Õä²ØµÄ»¤·¨½ð·ð¡°Âï¹þ¸ÁÀ®¡±Ï׸ø»ÊÌ«¼«¡£»ÊÌ«¼«ÉîÖªÀûÓÃÀ®Âï½ÌÕ÷·þÃɹžßÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óá£Ò»¸Ä·´¶ÔÀ®Âï½Ì£¬ÎªÌᳫ×ð·î±£»¤¡£µ±¼´Ïò½ð·ðÐÐÈý¹ò¾Åßµ´óÀñ¡£²¢ÓÚ1638Ä꣬ÏÂÁîÔÚÊ¢¾©£¨½ñÉòÑô£©Î÷½¼ÐÞ½¨Ê¤ÊµË¹©·î¡°Âï¹þ¸ÁÀ®¡±½ð·ð¡£

1642Ä꣬XZang´ïÀµ¡¢°àìøDzʹÓëÇåÍõ³¯»ÊµÛͨºÃ£¬½¨Á¢¡°Ê©Ö÷¹Øϵ¡±¡£²¢ÅÉDzÈüÇàÇú½áΪ´ú±í£¬ÓÚ1643ÄêµÖ´ïÊ¢¾©°Ý¼û»ÊÌ«¼«¡£Çå¡°Ì«×ÚÇ×ÂÊÖîÍõ±´ÀÕ´ó³¼³ö»³Ô¶ÃÅÓ­Ö®£¬Ì«×ÚÂÊÖÚ°ÝÌìÐÐÈý¹ò¾ÅßµÖ®Àñ±Ï£¬ÒÁÀ®¹Ì¿ËÉ¢£¨¼´ÈüÇàÇú½á£©µÈ·î´ïÀµÀ®ÂïÖ®Êé¼°»Æë«ëªÉÏ£¬Ì«×ÚÁ¢¶øÊÜÖ®£¬ËìЯÊÖÏà¼û¡£¡± 1644ÄêÈüÇàÇú½á·µ»ØXZang£¬´ø»ØÇåÌ«×ÚÖ´ïÀµ¡¢°àìø¡¢ÈøåÈ·¨ÍõµÈÈ˵ÄÇ×±ÊÐźÍÔùËÍÊ¢¶àµÄÀñÆ·[17]¡£    

Ç峯Èë¹Øºó£¬¸ü¶ÔÃɹÅÈËÐÅÑöµÄÀ®Âï½Ì´óÁ¦Ìᳫ±£»¤¡£Ë³ÖÎʱ¡°ÉÐÓ禮û¿¦Ò»Óçδ·þ£¬ÒÔÍâ·ªÃɹÅΩÒÔÀ®ÂïÖ®ÑÔÊÇÌý£¬ÒòÍùÕÙ´ïÀµÀ®Âï¡£¡±[18]´Ëʱ£¬Ç¡·êÄ®±±¡°¿¦¶û¿¦Èýº¹×àÇë·¢àûʹ£¬ÑÓ´ïÀµÀ®Â[19]À´ÃÉ´«·¨¡£Îª´Ë£¬Ë³Öεۼ´ÅÉDzʹ³¼¸°XZangÎʺò´ïÀµ¡¢°àìø£¬²¢Ôù´óÁ¿ÒøÁ½ÔÚ¸÷´óË°¾²è¡¢²¼Ê©¡£1651Ä꣬˳ÖεÛÓÖDzǡ¸ÁÀ®ÂϲÈÄÀ®Âï¶þÈ˸°XZang£¬¶ØÇëÎåÊÀ´ïÀµÇ°À´±±¾©»áÎî¡£´ÎÄ꣬´ïÀµÂÊÉ®Ë×¹ÙÔ±ÈýǧÈË£¬¾­ÇຣµÖ¾©êî¼û˳Öεۡ£Ë³Öε۸£ÁÙ¡°Çú¾¡ÓÅäס±£¬Â¡ÖؽӴýÎåÊÀ´ïÀµÒ»ÐС£

1653Ä꣬´ïÀµ·µ»ØXZangʱ£¬Ë³ÖεÛÔÚÄÏÔ·µÂÊÙËÂÉèÑçΪËû½¤ÐС£²¢ÅÉDzÀñ²¿ÉÐÊé¾õÂÞÀÊÇð¡¢Àí·ªÔºÊÌÀɹŴïÀñµÈ¸°´ú¸ÁµØ·½£¬ËÍÈ¥Ç峯Õþ¸®ÓÃÂú¡¢ºº¡¢²ØÎÄ×ÖïÔ¿Ì´Í·â´ïÀµÎª£º¡°Î÷Ìì´óÉÆ×ÔÔÚ·ðËùÁìÌìÏÂÊͽÌÆÕͨÍß³àÀ®âòÀ®´ïÀµÀ®Â½ð²á¡£Ë³Öε۴͸ø¡°´ïÀµÀ®ÂµÄ·âºÅºÍ½ð²á¡¢½ðÓ¡£¬½ø¶ø¹®¹ÌÁË´ïÀµÎªXZangÀ®Âï½ÌÁìÐäµÄµØλ¡£Í¬Ä꣬Ç峯Õþ¸®ÓÖÅÉÒÅ´ó³¼Èë²Ø£¬Õýʽ²á·â¿ØÖÆÈ«²ØʵȨµÄÃɹŹÌʼº¹Îª£º¡°×ðÐÐÎÄÒåÃô»Û¹Ìʵº¹¡±£¬²¢´ÍÓèÓúº¡¢²Ø¡¢ÃÉÎÄïԿ̵Ľð²á¡¢½ðÓ¡[20]¡£ µ±Ê±Ç峯Õþ¸®ÑØδֱ½Ó¶ÔÇຣ¡¢XZangÐÐʩͳÖÎȨ£¬¶Ô¹Ìʵº¹´ÍÓè½ð²á¡¢½ðÓ¡£¬ÊǶÔËûÓµÓÐͳÖÎXZang¡¢ÇຣµØÇøÊ×ÁìµØ룬¼ÓÒÔ³ÐÈϺͰ²¸§¡£Ç峯Õþ¸®³ÐÈÏ´ïÀµÎªXZang×Ú½ÌÁìÐä¡¢¹Ìʵº¹ÎªXZangÕþȨͳÖÎÊ×Á죬ÊǶԶþÕßʵÐÐÕþ¡¢½Ì·ÖÖεĿ϶¨¡£ÕâÒ»Ó°Ïì±é¼°ÓÚÃɹŸ÷²¿ºó£¬ÃɹŸ÷²¿·â½¨Ö÷ÎÅ·çÕùÏàÅÉDzʹÕߣ¬·×ÖÁÀ­Èø£¬Ïò´ïÀµÀ®Âïßµ°Ý£¬¹©·î´óÁ¿²¼Ê©£¬°¾²èËо­¡£¸ü½øÒ»²½ÃÜÇÐÁËÃɹŷ⽨Ö÷ÓëXZang¸ñ³ÅÉ×Ú½ÌÊ×ÁìÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£                                                                                                                               

Ò»¡¢ ×¼¸Á¶û²¿ÈëÇÖXZangµÄÔÖÄÑ

 

¹Ìʼº¹ËÀºó£¬Æä×Ó´ïÑÕº¹¼Ì³Ð¶ÔÇຣ¡¢XZangµØÇøµÄ¿ØÖÆȨ¡£´ïÑÕº¹ÉĮ̈ºó£¬Ê×ÏÈÈ¡Ïû´ïÀµÀ®Âï¶ÔXZangÐÐÕþÓë×Ú½ÌË«ÖØȨÁ¦µØ룬»Ö¸´XZangµÚ°ÍÐÐÕþµÄȨÁ¦¡£²¢ÈÎÃüµÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´íΪµÚ°Í£¬ÕƹÜÈ«²ØÕþȨ¡£µ«É£½á¼Î´í´ÓСÊÜ´ïÀµÀ®ÂïÅàÑø£¨Òà˵ÊÇÎåÊÀ´ïÀµµÄ·Ç»éÉú×Ó£©[21]£¬¹Ê½«ÆäÐÐÊ©µÄÐÐÕþȨÁ¦£¬ÈÔÌýÃüÓÚ´ïÀµÀ®ÂïµÄ¿ØÖÆ¡£                                          

1701Ä꣬´ïÑÕº¹ËÀÍö£¬Æä×ÓÀ­²Øº¹¼Ì³ÐͳÖÎÈ«²Ø´óȨ£¬µ«ËûÓëµÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´í¹Øϵ¶ñ»¯¡£1705Ä꣬µÚ°ÍÉ£½áϲ´íָʹÀ­²Øº¹¸®ÄÚÊÌÔÚÆäÒûʳÖÐ϶¾£¬µ±±»À­²Øº¹·¢¾õºó£¬Á½ÈËì¶Ü¸üΪ¼¤»¯¡£Ëæ¼´µÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´íÒ»Ãæµ÷¼¯ÎÀ²ØÃñ±øÎä×°ÇýÖðÀ­²Øº¹£»Ò»ÃæÓë×¼¸Á¶ûÊ×Áì²ßÍý°¢À­²¼Ì¹Ï๴½á£¬¡°ÁîÆä³ö±øÇຣ£¬Ï®»÷À­²Øº¹ºó·½£¬ÒÔ±ãÇ°ºó¼Ð¹¥£¬ÇýÖðÀ­²Øº¹³ö²Ø¡£¡±[22] ͬʱ£¬À­²Øº¹Ò²ÃÜÁîµ÷¼¯×¤Ôý²Ø±±¡¢ÇຣµÈµØµÄÃɹžü¶ÓÀ´À­Èø¡£Í¬Äê7Ô£¬À­²Øº¹µ÷¼¯µÄÃɹžüÈë²Ø»÷À£²Ø¾ü£¬²¢½«µÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´í¼°Æ伸ÃûÇ×ÐÅ×½»ñ´¦ËÀ¡£Áíһ˵£¬´Ë´ÎʼþÆðÒò£¬ÊÇÒòÀ­²Øº¹Íõåú²ÅÍú¼×ïÔÚÀ­ÈøÐÐΪ´Ö±©£¬¡°±»µÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´íµÄ²¿ÊôÇýÖ𵽲ر±£¬²¢ÒªËýºÍÀ­²Øº¹·µ»ØÇຣ£¬Óɴ˼¤Å­ÁËÀ­²Øº¹¡£¡±[23]      À­²Øº¹Êâɱɣ½á¼Î´íºó£¬ÈÎÃü¡ËØ£¨´«ËµËûÊÇÀ­À­²Øº¹µÄ˽Éú×Ó£©³öÈεڰÍÖ°Îñ£»Í¬Ê±ÅÉÈËÏòÇåÍ¢×à¸æ£ºÉ£½á¼Î´í¡°Ä±·´¡±£»ÆäËùÁ¢Ö®ÁùÊÀ´ïÀµ²ÖÑë¼Î´í²¢·ÇÕæ´ïÀµ×ªµÄÊÀÁéͯ£¬Æ½ÈÕµ¢ÓÚ¾ÆÉ«£¬²»ÊØÇå¹æ£¬ÇëÓèÒÔ¡°·Ï÷í¡±µÈÇé¡£µ±Ê±£¬¿µÎõµÛÒ಻ÂúÉ£½á¼Î´íÒþÄäÎåÊÀ´ïÀµÖ®É¥£¬ÓÖ¹´½á¸Á¶ûµ¤£¬²¢×èÄÓÎåÊÀ°àìø½ú¾©µÈËùΪ£¨¿µÎõµÛÓÚ1695¡¢1696¡¢ºÍ1698Ä꣬¶à´ÎDzʹЯּ¸°²ØÑûÇëÎåÊÀ°àìø¸°¾©£¬Ê±Äê30¶àËêµÄ°àìøÒàÏë½ø¾©êî¼û¿µÎõµÛ£¬µ«ÒòÖ´ÕÆXZangÕþ½Ì´óȨµÄµÚ°ÍÉ£½á¼Î´í×èÄÓ£¬ÖÕδ³ÉÐУ©¡£¹Ê¶ÔÀ­²Øº¹ËùΪ£¬ÓèÒÔÈÏ¿É¡£²¢ë··âÀ­²Øº¹Îª¡°ñ´·¨¹§Ë³º¹¡±£¬ÅÉDzÊÌÀɺÕÊٵȴø×ŵĽðÓ¡£¬Èë²Ø½øÐС°°²¸§¡±¡£       (·¢²¼Õß: »¶Ó­Í¶¸å£¬ÍøÕ¾:ÎÞÁ¿¹â·ð½ÌÍø£¬ÌÖÂÛÇë½øÈë:·ð½ÌÂÛ̳)

------·Ö¸ôÏß----------------------------
À¸Ä¿Áбí